زمان چیست
زمان, متغیری وابسطه به مکان, انتزاعی-نسبی, و تحت تاثیر میدان های گرانشی و تندی است با جهتی یک طرفه است که بیانگر میزان تغیر حالت یک سیستم, نسبت به حالت مسبوق یا ناظر است.
- میدان های گرانشی بیشتر, گذر زمان آهسته تر
- سرعت بالا, گذر زمان آهسته تر
اگر ۲ شیء نسبت به یکدیگر تغیری نکنند, گذر زمان نیز برای آن دو متوقف خواهد شد زیرا زمان میزان تغیرات رخ داده است؛ از آنجا که برای مشاهده تغیرات, نیاز به مشاهده تغیر داریم, و چیزی سریعتر از سرعت نور نمیتواند حرکت کند, فهم تغیرات توسط انسان نیز, محدود به سرعت نور است, و ادراک ما از زمان بسیار میتواند متفاوت شود.
Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts that where gravity is stronger, time passes more slowly.
جهت زمان
طبق قانون دوُّمِ ترمودینامیک, در میابیم که آنتروپی به انگلیسی entropy همواره در حالِ افزایش است, و در میابیم که زمان همواره مادامی که در «thermodynamic equilibrium» یا «تعادل آنتروپی» نباشیم, رو به جلو است, و سفر به گذشته مطلقاً ممکن نیست.
نسبیت
طبقِ نسبیت انیشتین, در میابیم که زمان, یک کمیَّت مستقل نیست, و همواره وابسته به ناظر, نسبی است, و بخاطر درهم تنیدگی با مکان, آن را یک «بُعد» محسوب میکنیم.
Let's begin with a simple fact: time passes faster in the mountains that it does at sea level.
The difference is small but can be measured with precision timepieces that can be bought today on the internet for a few thousand dollars. With practice, anyone can witness the slowing down of time. With the timepieces of specialized laboratories, this slowing down of time can be detected between levels just a few centimeters apart: a clock placed on the floor runs a little more slowly than one on a table.
It is not just the clocks that slow down: lower down, all processes are slower. Two friends separate, with one of them living in the plains and the other going to live in the mountains. They meet up again years later: the one who has stayed down has lived less, aged less, the mechanism of his cuckoo clock has oscillated fewer times. He has had less time to do things, his plants have grown less, his thoughts have had less time to unfold
زمان ها
گذشته
گذشته, تنها حالتی از هستی, به مانند حال است که برای شخص تجربه شده, و هرگونه سفر به آن یا دسترسی دقیق به آن, یعنی تغیر جهت آنتروپی که خلاف قوانین فیزیک است.
In a letter of commiseration to the loved ones of his deceased friend Besso, Albert Einstein wrote, a month before his death, “The separation between past, present, and future is only an illusion, however tenacious, and death is no more real than the life that it concludes.”
- The illusion of time - Chapter 2 - Page 9 - Boris Kriger
Time is a stubborn illusion within which our entire existence passes. We wouldn’t be able to imagine anything without time. Yet time is a deception of our senses.
- The illusion of time - Chapter 2 - Page 9 - Boris Kriger
حال
زمان حال به معنی واقعی برای انسان غیر قابل درک است, و نزدیک ترین ادراک از زمان حال, خیالات درون ذهن انسان است.
What is happening "now" in distant place? Imagine, for example, that your sister has gone to Proxima b, the recently discovered planet that orbits a star at approximately four light years distance from us. What is your sister doing now on Proxima b?
The only correct answer is that the question makes no sense.
If you ask what your sister, who is in the room with you, is doing now, the answer is usually an easy one: you look at her and you can tell. If she's far away, you phone her and ask what she's doing. But take care: if you look at your sister, you are receiving light that travels from her to you eyes. The light takes time to reach you, let's say a few nanoseconds — a tiny fraction of second — therefore, you are not quite seeing what she is doing now but what she was doing a few nanoseconds ago. If she is in New York and you phone her from Liverpool, her voice takes a few milliseconds to reach you, so the most you can claim to know is what your sister was up to a few milliseconds ago. Not a significant difference perhaps.
If your sister is on Proxima b, however, light takes four years to reach you from there. Hence, if you look at her through a telescope , or receive a radio communication from her, you know what she was doing four years ago rather than what she is doing now. "Now" on Proximab is definitely not what you see through the telescope, or what you can hear from her voice over the radio.
آینده
آینده, به مانند گذشته, حالتی از هستی است که هنوز رخ نداده, ولی با پذیرش رابطه علّی به طور مطلَق, میتوان معلول های آینده را فهمید, لکن طبق جبر قوانین فیزیکی, فهم دقیق و کامل علَّت ها در لحظه, محال است, بنا بر این, همواره با تقریب خوبی میتوان آینده را تنها حدس زد.
عوامل مانع شوند پیش بینی آینده عبارتند از:
- محدودیت سرعت
- عدم قطعیت هایزنبرگ
- اثر پروانهای
Time dilation
انتزاعی بودن
First of all, space-time is not a fabric. Space and time are not tangible 'things' in the same way that water and air are. It is incorrect to think of them as a 'medium' at all.